Blemishes are imperfections on the skin’s surface, such as pimples, blackheads, acne scars, dark spots, and other unflattering bumps and marks. They occur for various reasons, including hormonal shifts, environmental toxins, imbalances in the skin and gut microbiome, inadequate skin care, and poor lifestyle habits. Blemishes are typically harmless but may lower the person’s self-esteem, depending on their size and prominence.

This article recommends the best blemish-prone skincare products and supporting lifestyle habits for a healthy, vibrant complexion.

What Is the Best Blemish-Prone Skincare Routine?

Successful blemish-prone skin care consists of targeted, microbiome-friendly cosmetic solutions and changes in daily habits that may trigger blemishes. These solutions aim to reduce inflammation, prevent bacterial proliferation, improve microbiome (skin flora) diversity and function, and strengthen the skin barrier.

The biome-supporting blemish line is more effective than mainstream actives like retinol or benzoyl peroxide, which can over-dry the skin, damage the barrier, and disrupt the beneficial microbiome.

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Note: Learn more about microbiome skin care and why it is one of the hottest trends in the cosmetics world.

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1. Complete Blemish System

Vibrant has developed a comprehensive blemish control system featuring six products that focus on strengthening the skin’s natural defenses and repair mechanisms. They contain ingredients that target the brain-gut-skin axis to eliminate the root causes of skin problems (e.g., stress) rather than temporarily diminish symptoms.

The recommended daily routine for blemish-prone skin includes the following products.

Vibrant Cleanse

Cleanse is formulated with microbiome-supporting prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, and natural enzymes like papaya and pineapple. These ingredients gently dissolve dead skin cells, promote cell turnover, and help maintain microbial balance while supporting the skin barrier.

This biome enzyme cleanser deeply cleanses and brightens the complexion, giving it a natural glow. Use it in the morning and evening to control sebum production, oiliness, and inflammation.

Vibrant Tone

Tone is a clarifying biome toner that helps balance natural oils and refreshes the skin, preparing it for active ingredients in serums and creams. It contains lemongrass hydrosol, a natural toner with unique antifungal and antimicrobial properties, and niacinamide, a versatile ingredient that helps regulate sebum production, reduce inflammation, minimize pores, and brighten the skin. It also contains Bio-Fense™️, a probiotic that supports the skin’s microbiome and enhances the barrier, providing antimicrobial protection and immune support.

Apply Tone in the morning and evening after cleansing.

Vibrant Defense

Defense is a rich formula containing potent microbiome-friendly, immune-supporting, oil-balancing, wound-healing, and anti-aging ingredients:

• Retinaldehyde, or retinal (the most powerful form of vitamin A; more potent than retinol)
• Bakuchiol (plant version of retinol)
• 1,3-Beta-glucan (aids in the removal of scar tissue, toxins, and bacteria)
• BioFense™, Black BeeOme™, and L. plantarum (probiotic and prebiotic blends that help restore the skin’s barrier and immune function)
• Niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3 that regulates sebum production, minimizes pores, reduces inflammation, and strengthens the barrier)
• Soothing botanicals (willow herb, vanilla extract, etc.)

These ingredients help clear clogged pores, calm irritations, reduce blemishes, and visibly improve skin tone and texture.

Use Defense twice daily after prepping the skin with Cleanse and Tone.

Vibrant Restore

This potent clarifying moisturizer helps calm imperfections, reduce redness and blemish marks, and support a healthy microbiome with a balanced blend of prebiotics and postbiotics. It is enriched with hydrating ingredients that lock in moisture, such as beta-glucan and Lactobacillus ferment, and neurocosmetic botanicals that help improve mood and destress the skin (e.g., orange peel oil). Restore promotes skin barrier function and toxin removal for a smoother, firmer, and blemish-free complexion. It is developed for normal to oily skin.

Use it twice a day as the final step in your blemish-control daily routine, except in the morning when sunscreen should follow the moisturizer.

Vibrant’s Complete Blemish System features two more products that are typically used weekly or less frequently, as needed.

Vibrant Mud

Mud is a powerful pore-unclogging mask infused with mineral-rich bentonite and kaolin clay, activated charcoal, gently exfoliating willow bark, and soothing aloe vera. It deeply cleanses, detoxifies, calms inflammation, and refreshes the skin, leaving it silky and glowing.

Apply the mask to thoroughly cleansed skin. Leave it on for ten minutes. Rinse with lukewarm water.

Vibrant Spot On

This innovative spot treatment effectively eliminates blemishes thanks to totarol, licorice root extract, niacinamide, mandelic acid, vanilla fruit extract, and other anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and oil-regulating agents. BioFense™️ and Black BeeOme™️ (probiotics and prebiotics in the product) balance the skin flora to help the skin heal faster after a breakout.

After cleansing, toning, and using a serum, apply a small amount of Spot On on the blemish. Follow with a moisturizer. Use it during your nighttime routine.

Unlike traditional acne treatments, Vibrant products don’t strip the skin of essential oils. They nourish the skin from the inside out and restore skin homeostasis, aiming for long-term clarity and even tone.

2. Sunscreen

Sunscreen is an essential product in your daily skincare routine. It protects the skin from UV radiation, which damages the skin even in cloudy, cold weather. Choose sunscreen with mineral-based ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and 30+ SPF protection. Apply it after moisturizing the skin in the morning.

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Note: Read our blog post on how to choose the best sunscreen for sensitive, blemish-prone skin.

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3. Diet Modification

Diets high in sugar, processed foods, and saturated fats are a common factor contributing to breakouts and blemishes. These high-glycemic, nutrient-poor foods often contain additives and bleaching agents that disrupt the skin’s microbiome and weaken its natural barrier. Caloric and nutritionally poor foods disrupt the optimal balance in our gut and skin microflora, causing hormonal imbalances and inflammation and damaging skin health.

Modify your diet according to well-known, healthy dietary guidelines. Follow an anti-inflammatory eating plan that restricts the intake of simple carbohydrates and fats and is based on fiber and antioxidant-rich vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, and seeds. If you notice that a specific food triggers breakouts, eliminate or limit its use.

Drink plenty of water to facilitate the body’s toxin and waste removal system and help clear the skin.

4. Lifestyle Changes

Chronic stress, lack of sleep, alcohol abuse, smoking, and other lifestyle habits degrade our wellbeing and affect the skin. Lifestyle modifications are a necessary component of every health treatment, including skin care. Skincare products can only do so much without a supporting lifestyle.

• Aim for seven to nine hours of sleep every night. Go to bed before 11 pm and avoid looking at blue-light emitting screens at least two hours before bedtime.
• Limit alcohol consumption to no more than 3-4 glasses weekly.
• Quit smoking.
• Incorporate daily stress-relieving activities, such as nature walks, yoga, meditation, art classes, dancing, and spending time with friends.

When to Visit a Dermatologist?

Blemishes are not a medical risk, but they can be painful and cause emotional distress. Visit an integrative (holistic) dermatologist or a trusted medical cosmetic professional if you experience any of the following:

• Painful cysts and nodules
• Frequent acne breakouts
• Dark spots, melasma, and other forms of hyperpigmentation
• No relief from symptoms after trying OTC acne products (salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, alpha-hydroxy acids, etc.)
• Emotional distress and social isolation due to skin problems

An integrative dermatologist offers a personalized approach that combines conventional care with lifestyle and holistic therapies, addressing root causes like diet, gut health, and stress for more effective, lasting results.

Conclusion

Blemishes require a holistic approach because they are the result of various genetic, emotional, and environmental factors. They can range from mild to severe and affect those who experience them differently. Traditional cosmetic solutions have limited success in reducing their appearance.

Integrative (holistic) blemish-prone skin care employs a different approach, targeting the root causes of blemishes and healing the gut-brain-skin axis. These products help the skin regenerate more effectively and improve overall health.

Activated charcoal offers numerous benefits for all skin types. This highly porous ingredient effectively removes dirt, toxins, and excess oil, helping to enhance skin texture, tone, and overall appearance. When used in moderation, it purifies and gently exfoliates without compromising the skin barrier.

Discover ten benefits of activated charcoal for the skin and learn how to incorporate it into your skincare regimen.

10 Skin Benefits of Activated Charcoal

Activated charcoal is a potent cleansing and detoxifying ingredient that can be applied topically to all skin types. Its exceptional adsorbing power makes it effective in drawing out built-up toxins, dirt, and other impurities and alleviating skin inflammation.

Here are the biggest skin benefits you can reap from consistent use of activated charcoal.

Deeply Cleanses the Skin

Activated charcoal’s porous structure allows it to bind dirt, excess oils, chemicals, and toxins from deep within the skin. Thanks to its strong adsorbing properties, it is a popular ingredient in face washes, scrubs, exfoliants, soaps, and toners that deeply cleanse, unclog pores, and remove trapped impurities.

Aids in Reducing Acne

Acne develops when dirt, oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria clog the pores. Activated charcoal can reduce the appearance of blackheads and blemishes by unclogging pores and adsorbing excess oil (sebum), dirt, and bacteria. Its antibacterial properties help reduce inflammation, redness, and swelling, and prevent future breakouts and irritation.

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Note: Learn more about what causes acne to learn how to minimize potential flare-ups.

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Reduces Oiliness and Shine

Activated charcoal has exceptional decongesting and shine-controlling properties. It regulates excess sebum production, reduces surface greasiness, and leaves the skin with a smooth, matte finish. By soaking up excess oil, activated charcoal enhances product absorption, allowing the skin to receive all the essential nutrients from other skincare products. The result is a clear, shine-free complexion.

Improves Skin Texture

Activated charcoal helps minimize the appearance of small bumps and enlarged pores by removing dead skin cells, dirt, and other pore-clogging impurities. With regular use, it may also soften the look of fine lines and wrinkles. However, scientific evidence supporting its long-term anti-aging effects remains limited.

Brightens the Complexion

A 2021 study found that a 25% concentration of activated charcoal has a significant brightening effect on the skin of the hands. It helps reduce dullness without irritation or disrupting the skin’s pH balance. Activated charcoal can clarify skin tone and enhance overall radiance by removing built up surface impurities, leaving the complexion fresh and luminous.

Soothes Irritation and Bug Bites

Activated charcoal can soothe skin irritated by mosquito bites or bee stings by reducing swelling, redness, discomfort, and irritation in the affected area. Apply a small amount of activated charcoal to the affected area and let it sit for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off with lukewarm water.

Detoxifies the Skin

Activated charcoal is considered a powerful skin antioxidant, thanks to its ability to bind toxins and remove them from the skin’s surface. While not a traditional antioxidant in the sense of neutralizing free radicals, activated charcoal helps to remove pollutants and toxins that contribute to oxidative stress, thus supporting skin's natural antioxidant defenses. It offers a gentle detox and prevent infections by drawing out bacteria, environmental pollutants, and other irritants.

Activated charcoal’s detoxifying properties may also help alleviate the symptoms of eczema and other inflammatory skin conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm its therapeutic effectiveness.

Gently Exfoliates the Skin

Activated charcoal is a natural exfoliant that offers a gentle alternative to harsher cosmetic procedures like chemical peels, especially for sensitive skin. It gently sloughs away dead skin cells, refines pores, and softens rough patches.

For optimal results, use it regularly on rough skin areas and pair it with hydrating and barrier-repairing ingredients like ceramides, niacinamide, and aloe vera.

Promotes Wound Healing

Activated charcoal has been used for centuries to heal wounds, treat infections, and calm irritated skin. Its porous texture allows it to trap bacteria, toxins, and other harmful substances, helping to disinfect the affected area. Its mild anti-inflammatory effects can reduce swelling, redness, and discomfort, making it beneficial in managing minor cuts, scrapes, rashes, and other skin irritations.

Soothes Sunburns

Activated charcoal can also relieve sunburn symptoms such as redness, swelling, tenderness, itching, and peeling. Its soothing properties help alleviate discomfort while supporting the skin’s natural healing process.

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Note: Learn about the importance of sunscreen and why you should use it daily.

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Is It Safe to Use Activated Charcoal Every Day?

Dermatologists do not recommend using activated charcoal every day as it can strip the skin of its natural oils and trigger irritation, dryness, redness, and barrier damage.

Depending on your skin type, you can apply it up to three times a week or as little as twice a month. Bear in mind that activated charcoal absorbs natural oils and may dehydrate the skin if used excessively.

Here is the recommended frequency of using activated charcoal for different skin types:

• Oily, acne-prone skin – Twice or three times a week is considered safe.
• Dry or sensitive skin – Apply every ten to fourteen days, depending on your skin’s response. Always perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas to minimize the risk of irritation.
• Normal or combination skin – Once or twice a week is well-tolerated by most combination skin types, but it’s still best to perform a patch test before applying a larger amount.

Always choose products that combine activated charcoal with other gentle, hydrating ingredients to prevent irritation. Our skin experts recommend Vibrant Mud, a clarifying clay mask with bentonite clay, kaolin clay, and activated charcoal.

This powerful trio deeply cleanses the skin, unclogs pores, and brightens the complexion. Its microbiome-friendly botanical blend contains probiotics that soothe and nourish the skin, helping to maintain its optimal flora. 

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Note: Learn more about kaolin clay benefits for the skin.

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Conclusion

Activated charcoal boasts powerful purifying properties and brings a wide range of benefits for the skin, from deep cleansing to wound healing. However, experts advise using it in moderation and choosing microbiome-friendly formulations to promote long-term skin health and a radiant complexion.

Learn more about our new Vibrant skincare line and contact our team of professionals with any questions.

The skin contains a complex network of nerve endings that receive stimuli from the outside world and send corresponding signals to the brain. Neurocosmetics is a growing field in skin care that focuses on the communication between the skin and the brain. It surpasses the concept of traditional skin care, introducing ingredients that improve skin health by reducing stress and lifting the mood.

This article lists 10 neurocosmetic ingredients that target the brain-skin axis, reversing aging signs and soothing irritated, dry, and sensitive skin.

10 Neurocosmetics Ingredients to Look for

Many skincare products have a soft texture and enticing smell, producing pleasant sensory experiences. These are not to be confused with neurocosmetics, which are science-based and carefully formulated products that modulate the brain-skin communication pathways. They promote skin health by stimulating the production of feel-good neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphins, etc.), relaxing muscle contractions, balancing cortisol levels, and providing an overall sense of wellbeing.

The following are some of the neurocosmetic ingredients that have been studied for their effectiveness.

1. Citrus Oils

Citrus oils have anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and astringent properties. By lowering inflammation and stress levels, they help soothe skin irritation, reduce redness, and clear blemishes and imperfections. They are also high in vitamin C, a potent antioxidant and skin brightener.

Neurocosmetic citrus oils include:

• Sweet orange – It has been used for centuries to calm the nerves and improve sleep. It can help shrink pores, reduce blemishes, and improve skin tone.
• Lemon peel oil – Its vapor and pleasant, uplifting smell help balance serotonin and dopamine levels, decreasing anxiety and stress. Lemon peel oil may help reduce acne-causing bacteria (P. acne vulgaris) and skin inflammation, clear clogged pores, and decrease breakouts.
• Mandarin oil – It helps uplift the mood and calm irritated skin.

2. Lemongrass Hydrosol

Lemongrass hydrosol has antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiseptic properties and acts as a natural toner for large pores, blemishes, and lifeless skin. Lemongrass hydrosol also has a refreshing and slightly cooling effect on the nerves. Skin experts recommend it for oily and acne-prone skin.

In many cultures Lemongrass essential oil is often used for its spiritual properties, particularly for clearing the mind, space, and emotions before meditation, prayer, or contemplation. It's also associated with cleansing, purification, and shedding light on hidden issues. Additionally, it's believed to promote openness, clear communication, and the transformation of negative energy into positive.

3. Rosemary Extract

Rosemary leaf has been used throughout history to relieve stress and inflammation. Rosemary leaf extract is a safe, non-toxic, and soothing ingredient with potent antioxidant properties that promote youthful skin. It is also beneficial in treating acne breakouts because of its antimicrobial and astringent effects.

4. Nutmeg Fruit Extract

Nutmeg is a natural adaptogen – an herbal medicine that helps the body adapt to stress. It has a long tradition of use as a stress, anxiety, and fatigue reliever. Nutmeg fruit extract is used in skin care to reduce hyperpigmentation, excess sebum, and redness. It may help fight blemishes and breakouts thanks to its strong antibacterial activity.

5. Vanilla Fruit Extract

Vanilla has an uplifting aroma that stimulates a part of the brain (olfactory), which plays a key role in scent perception and mood regulation. By promoting relaxation and pleasant sensations, it helps reduce inflammation and improve skin conditions. Vanilla fruit extract also has antibacterial and antioxidant effects that may help prevent breakouts.

6. Chamomile

Chamomile is a medicinal plant well known for its calming and healing properties. Chamomile extract and chamomile essential oil used in skin care can help alleviate inflammation, decrease dark spots, tighten enlarged pores, and fight acne-causing bacteria. It promotes relaxation, calms the nerves, and contributes to overall wellbeing.

7. Cucumber Seed Oil

Cucumber seed oil provides vast potential as a neurocosmetic ingredient. It contains antioxidants like linoleic acid and vitamin E, which enhance circulation, stimulate collagen production, help retain moisture, and improve skin barrier function. Its gentle aroma instills a sense of freshness and peace, calming the nerves and soothing inflammatory reactions.

8. Wild Indigo/Neurophroline™

Neurophroline™ is a potent skin-loving ingredient acquired through a specific extraction process from the wild indigo plant. It helps decrease cortisol produced by skin cells, stimulates pain-relieving beta-endorphins, and provides advanced antioxidant and pollution protection. It also has skin-brightening effects, visibly enhancing skin tone and radiance.

9. Monk Fruit/Wonerage™

Wonerage™ is extracted from an Asian plant Tephrosia purpurea. It promotes the synthesis of collagen-producing cells and increases hyaluronic acid production by 320%, helping to firm the skin and reduce wrinkles. It is a powerful ingredient in anti-aging skincare solutions.

10. Neuropeptides

Neuropeptides are Botox-like functional ingredients of natural and synthetic origin. They inhibit the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that allows muscle contraction, helping to reduce wrinkling. They strengthen the skin’s natural barrier, promote skin elasticity, and help repair aging, dry, dysfunctional, and hyperpigmented skin. They also decrease skin sensitivity to environmental factors.

Examples include:

• Acetyl hexapeptide-3
• Acetyl tripeptide-30 citrulline
• Pentapeptide-18
• Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
• Palmitoyl oligopeptide

Neuropeptides don’t penetrate the skin easily, so a cosmetic formulation needs to contain an appropriate delivery system for peptides, such as liposomal and colloidal carriers.

Researchers are studying various ingredients for their neurocosmetic potential, including adaptogens like Rhodiola rosea, soothing botanicals like lavender, algae like Laminaria hyperborea, and many more.

11. Alpine Rose Active

Alpine Rose active is derived from the Rhododendron ferrugineum (Alpine Rose) plant. It is recognized for its ability to modulate skin mediators involved in the stress response, such as serotonin and melatonin. This interaction suggests potential for addressing stress-related skin conditions and improving skin firmness.

12. Kannabia Sense™

The first cosmetic active made from Cannabis sativa plant stem cells,  Kannabia Sense™ is designed to stimulate the skin's microbiota, potentially supporting the brain-skin connection and promoting emotional well-being. Kannabia Sense™ has been shown to significantly enhance skin hydration levels, showing an increase of +19% compared to placebo after 28 days of use. 

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Note: Vibrant is a new skincare line featuring cutting-edge neurocosmetic ingredients paired with microbiome-friendly prebiotics and probiotics for an advanced anti-aging skincare regimen.

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Conclusion

Neurocosmetics has opened a new chapter in the cosmetics world and changed our approach to skin care. It fosters the intricate connection between the skin and the brain, emphasizing the importance of healing from within. As a result, neurocosmetic ingredients may be more effective than traditional cosmetics in reversing skin damage and maintaining a healthy, youthful complexion.

SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) and SLES (sodium laureth sulfate) are used in cosmetic and personal care products for their cleansing, foaming, and emulsifying properties. These surfactants create a rich lather to trap oil-based dirt, grime, and dead cells from the skin’s surface.

While most dermatologists recommend SLS-free formulations to minimize potential irritation, understanding the differences between SLS and SLES is still important. This article offers an in-depth comparison of SLS vs. SLES to help you make an informed decision.

SLS vs. SLES in Cosmetics: Overview

SLS and SLES have long been prized for their powerful cleansing abilities. The table below highlights their key features, similarities, and differences.

Feature	SLS (Sodium lauryl sulfate)	SLES (Sodium laureth sulfate)
Origin	Coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or petroleum.	Derived from SLS through a process called ethoxylation to reduce harshness.
Purpose	Creates foam, reduces surface tension, and enables liquid to spread to remove all impurities.	A gentler foaming and cleansing agent that also aids in spreading the product and breaking down oil and dirt.
Common products	Face wash, cleansers, toothpaste, mouthwash, bath oils, hair dyes, shampoos, body washes, lip balms, shaving foams, hand sanitizers, sunscreen, and soaps.	Facial cleansers, shaving creams, shampoos, conditioners, body washes, baby products, makeup removers, and body lotions.
Alternative names	Lauryl sodium sulphate, lauryl sulfate sodium salt, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl sodium sulfate, and sodium alkyl sulfate.	Sodium laureth-2 sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate, and sodium alkylethersulfate.
Benefits	Creates dense foam; strong cleansing power; easy to rinse; inexpensive.	Produces creamy foam; emulsifying properties; milder and less irritating.
Risks	Skin barrier disruption, eye irritation, hair loss, dryness, skin inflammation, allergic reactions, dermatitis flare-ups, acne breakouts, mouth cytotoxicity, premature aging.	Skin irritation, eye irritation, lung irritation, clogged pores, acne, allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, swelling, itching, redness.
Skin sensitivity	More likely to cause skin irritation and worsen inflammatory skin conditions, like rosacea, eczema, and psoriasis.	Better tolerated than SLS by sensitive skin types, but experts still recommend SLS- and SLES-free alternatives.

SLS vs. SLES: In-Depth Comparison

SLS and SLES are often confused and misunderstood. While they’re both used for similar purposes in beauty products, they differ in how they are processed, their long-term health effects, and potential to irritate the skin.

Learn more about their differences and roles in cosmetics.

What Is SLS?

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a potent surfactant used in personal care products, detergents, and cosmetics. It has strong cleansing and foaming abilities but can be quite harsh and skin-damaging. It strips the skin of its natural oils and increases trans-epidermal water loss, leading to dryness, sensitivity, and irritation. Researchers have discovered that it disrupts the barrier by disturbing the skin’s lipid composition. Studies also show that SLS-containing products worsen conditions like eczema or dermatitis, weaken hair follicles, and lead to hair loss.

Avoid, if possible, if you have sensitive skin, inflammatory conditions, or scalp issues.

What Is SLES?

Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) is a milder surfactant derived from SLS through a process called ethoxylation. It produces a creamier, softer foam but retains the same cleansing and foaming properties as its harsher counterpart. SLES is water-soluble and may be gentler on the skin and hair. However, SLES-containing products may still irritate more sensitive skin types. SLES also carries a risk of contamination with carcinogenic byproducts like 1,4-dioxane.

To minimize health complications, dermatologists recommend avoiding SLES in cosmetics and replacing it with milder alternatives.

SLS vs. SLES: Role in Cosmetics

Both SLS and SLES are added to cosmetic and personal care products where cleansing and foaming are needed. They help reduce friction with the skin’s surface by creating a rich lather, helping to lift away dirt, oil, dead skin cells, and other impurities.

However, these chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and accumulate in internal organs over time, impacting overall health. Recently, many skincare brands have begun replacing them with SLS- and SLES-free alternatives to prevent barrier disruption, irritation, and water loss while supporting healthy skin flora.

SLS vs. SLES: Cosmetic Products

SLS is used in many skincare, makeup, and hair products, such as shampoos, conditioners, soaps, bubble baths, face washes, body gels, shaving creams, and toothpaste. These products typically foam faster but are harsher on the skin and may provoke flare-ups.

SLES is added to milder formulations of cleansers, moisturizers, face washes, body washes, shampoos, and toothpaste. It can also be found in sensitive skincare lines and baby products like shampoos, water wipes, liquid baby soaps, and body washes.

Are There Gentler Alternatives to SLS and SLES?

Yes, there are many gentler alternatives to SLS and SLES in cosmetics. Dermatologists strongly recommend using mild, skin-friendly products free from SLS, parabens, alcohol, silicones, phthalates, and other potential irritants.

SLS- and SLES-free formulas help reduce inflammation, strengthen the skin barrier, and improve skin quality without compromising long-term health. A great example is Vibrant Cleanser, a microbiome-supporting product formulated with three gentle cleansing and foaming surfactants:

• Sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate – An anionic surfactant derived from coconut oil.
• Coco-glucoside – A mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose.
• Disodium cocoamphodiacetate – A mild amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut with a high thickening ability.

Conclusion

While SLS and SLES have not been completely phased out of the beauty industry, it is important to know how they differ and why SLES may be a slightly safer option. However, if you are health-conscious and prefer cleaner skincare brands, consider avoiding both in favor of safer, gentler alternatives.

Our Vibrant skin experts are here to answer additional questions you may have about SLS, SLES, and other skincare ingredients.

Skincare products often contain fragrances that appeal to consumers but may not be good for the skin. These fragrances can be listed individually or hidden under vague terms like 'parfum,' making them difficult to identify. Some are known to trigger allergies or irritation and are best avoided by sensitive skin types.

This article covers everything you need to know about fragrance in skin care and offers gentle, fragrance-free alternatives.

Why Are Fragrances Used in Skincare Products?

Scented skincare products don’t provide direct skin-enhancing benefits and are included mainly for personal preference. Many brands use fragrance to create a signature scent, making their products more recognizable in the market.

Fragrances may be added to skincare products to:

• Mask the unpleasant smell of active ingredients.
• Evoke feel-good sensations and calm the nervous system.
• Create a sense of cleanliness and freshness.
• Emphasize certain traits of the product (e.g., “energizing” or “soothing”).
• Create a pleasant-smelling experience for customer appeal.

Which Skincare Products Contain Fragrances?

The following skincare products typically have added fragrances:

• Facial creams
• Cleansers
• Moisturizers
• Skin toners
• Serums
• Face masks
• Body lotions
• Lip balms
• Exfoliants
• Sunscreen
• Makeup
• Makeup removers

What Types of Fragrances Are Used in Skin Care?

Skincare products may contain natural or synthetic fragrances. They differ in intensity, how long they last, and their potential to aggravate the skin. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) recognizes 3,059 fragrance ingredients, most of which are composed of:

• Alcohols
• Aldehydes
• Ketones
• Esters
• Lactones

Synthetic Fragrances

These lab-made fragrances contain long-lasting compounds that prolong the product’s freshness. They can be fully synthetic or semi-synthetic, combining artificial components with natural scent elements. Artificial fragrances can mimic certain natural scents or create entirely new ones.

Always check the expiration date – if a product stays fresh for up to five years, it likely contains synthetic fragrance ingredients.

Natural Fragrances

Natural scents are extracted from plant-based sources such as lavender, citrus fruits, vanilla, bergamot, and other botanicals. A product labeled as “all-natural” means it does not contain any synthetic components.

Natural fragrances are more volatile in long-term formulations and usually stay fresh for up to two years. Due to their shorter shelf life and sensitivity to light, heat, and air, they may be considered less practical than synthetic alternatives.

Risks and Side Effects of Fragrances in Skincare Products

According to the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, fragrance chemicals have been linked to various health concerns, including allergies, reproductive and developmental issues, and even cancer. Some contain carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and neurotoxic chemicals.

Both synthetic and natural fragrances can cause flare-ups and skin inflammation, especially when highly concentrated. You may also experience side effects like light-headedness or headaches if you are sensitive to strong scents.

The most common fragrance-induced risks include the following:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Allergies
• Contact dermatitis
• Acne
• Breakouts
• Itchiness
• Dizziness
• Migraines
• Asthma

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Note: A fragrance-free label doesn’t automatically mean the product is ideal or microbiome-friendly. Watch out for other potential skin irritants like paraben, silicone, phthalates, alcohol, and SLS, and choose products with barrier-supporting ingredients.

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How to Identify Fragrances in Skincare Products?

Fragrances are not always easy to spot. They may be included under generic terms like these:

• Fragrance
• Odor
• Parfum
• Perfume
• Aroma
• Essential oil blend
• Flavor

They may also be listed individually as one of the following:

• Acetaldehyde
• Benzyl alcohol
• Benzyl benzoate
• Citral
• Citronellol
• Cinnamal
• Geraniol
• 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde
• Linalool
• Limonene
• Vanillin
• Eugenol
• Tetrahydrolinalool

Regulations for Fragrances in Cosmetics

A product that lists “fragrance” may include individual ingredients in parentheses, but that isn’t always the case. Disclosure depends on the company’s marketing strategy (some brands voluntarily choose to list all ingredients) and the regulatory standards of the region (the EU has stricter labeling requirements than the U.S.).

According to the FDA,  all ingredients must be listed individually to ensure full transparency. However, U.S. regulations allow fragrance and flavor components to be classified as trade secrets, which means they can legally remain undisclosed. Furthermore, fragrance-containing products do not undergo premarket approval. However, manufacturers are legally obligated to ensure product safety. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) can issue recalls or ban products with skin-sensitizing ingredients.

In contrast, the EU’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) requires full disclosure of 26 fragrance allergens and additional fragrance ingredients.

Is “Unscented” the Same as “Fragrance-Free”?

It is important to know that unscented is different from fragrance-free. An unscented skincare product means it does not have a scent, but fragrance chemicals may still be present.

Fragrance Allergens in Skincare Products

The scientific bodies of the European Union have identified twenty-six fragrance allergens in skincare products with the potential to irritate the skin, increase sensitivity, and worsen certain skin conditions. Interestingly, most of them are derived from plants and essential oils.

Watch out for these twenty-six fragrance allergens:

• Alpha-isomethyl Ionone
• Amyl Cinnamal
• Amyl Cinnamyl Alcohol
• Anise Alcohol
• Benzyl Alcohol
• Benzyl Benzoate
• Benzyl Cinnamate
• Benzyl Salicylate
• Butylphenyl Methylpropional
• Cinnamal 
• Cinnamyl Alcohol
• Citral
• Citronellol
• Coumarin
• Eugenol
• Evernia Prunastri Extract
• Evernia Furfuracea Extract
• Farnesol
• Geraniol
• Hexyl Cinnamal
• Hydroxycitronellal
• Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde (HICC)* 
• Isoeugenol
• Limonene
• Linalool
• Methyl 2-octynoate

How to Identify a Fragrance Allergy?

Fragrances are a leading cause of contact allergy, especially among individuals with contact dermatitis. Sensitivity to allergens can develop over time or with repeated exposure.

When the body is sensitized to fragrance molecules, it releases histamine and other inflammatory agents in response to a perceived threat, causing the following reactions:

• Rashes
• Swelling
• Itching
• Flaking
• Redness
• Irritation
• Excessive dryness

If you notice any allergic reactions in contact with fragranced products, consult an allergist to help identify the exact fragrance ingredient causing the reaction. The doctor will perform an allergy test to determine your sensitivity to specific fragrance ingredients.

Who Should Avoid Fragrance in Skin Care?

Exclude all forms of fragrances in skin care if you have:

• Confirmed or suspected allergies to natural or artificial scents, aromas, and additives.
• An inflammatory skin condition like rosacea, psoriasis, or eczema.
• Increased sensitivity to skincare ingredients or frequent breakouts and flare-ups.
• A hyperpigmentation disorder like melasma, dark spots, or age spots.
• Damaged skin, open wounds, sores, micro-injuries, and active acne.
• Headaches or recurring migraines due to hypersensitivity to odors.

Pregnant women and infants should avoid using fragranced skincare products to prevent potential health hazards.

How to Safely Use Skincare Products with Fragrances

Skin experts recommend using fragrance-free skincare products whenever possible. However, if you want to keep using your favorite fragranced products safely, follow these guidelines:

• Carefully read the ingredient label for potential skin irritants and allergens.
• Purchase brands that promote full ingredient transparency.
• Choose minimalist formulas with fewer artificial ingredients and additives.
• Use patch testing inside of your forearm and wait for at least 24 hours to see if there are any reactions.
• Avoid using fragranced products on more sensitive skin areas, such as the eye area, face, and neck.

A good rule of thumb is to avoid fragranced leave-on products, such as moisturizers, if you have sensitive or allergy-prone skin. Rinse-off products like shower gels or cleansers are less likely to cause irritation or allergic reactions because they are quickly washed off.

Fragrance-Free Skin Care

Choose fragrance-free formulations to prevent potential irritation, preserve a healthy microbiome and skin barrier. Reducing the number of potentially toxic chemicals will also limit the chances of developing an allergy.

Vibrant skin experts recommend soothing, microbiome-supporting formulas that strengthen the barrier, prevent moisture loss, and restore healthy skin flora. These products are suitable for all skin types and are free from common irritants.

Conclusion

Choosing a fragrance-free skincare product is a matter of personal choice. Some prefer to use clean products with minimal additives to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals, while others continue to apply fragranced products daily. However, understanding the different types of fragrances and their potential effects on the skin can help you make a more informed choice.

To stay safe, consult our team of skin professionals who can guide you toward products that match your skin’s needs and sensitivity.

Amino acids are essential for keeping the skin healthy, radiant, and resilient. They promote cellular turnover, preserve elasticity, and enhance the barrier function. You can obtain these protein-forming compounds through food, supplements, or skincare products.

This article explores the benefits of amino acids for skin, the different types used in skincare, and how to implement them into your routine.

What Are Amino Acids for Skin? 

Amino acids are the essential components of all proteins, including keratins, collagen, and elastin, the most abundant fibrous proteins in the skin. They play a crucial role in skin health by supporting its structure, promoting repair, and influencing its overall appearance.

Topical amino acids (e.g., creams, serums) are skincare ingredients directly applied to the skin. They enhance the skin’s ability to repair itself and are particularly effective in reducing signs of aging and preserving a healthy skin microbiome.

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Note: Amino acids are an effective weight-loss treatment and can be administered through supplements or IV therapy.

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Types of Amino Acids for Skin 

The human body needs twenty different amino acids to function properly. These molecules can be categorized into essential, non-essential, and conditionally essential amino acids.

1. Essential Amino Acids

Essential amino acids are those amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own but must be obtained through diet. They are:

• Histidine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
• Methionine
• Phenylalanine
• Threonine
• Tryptophan
• Valine

You can obtain all essential amino acids through food and supplements:

Animal-based sources	Plant-based sources	Supplements
Dairy products, whole eggs, poultry, beef, pork, lamb, organ meats, bone broth, and seafood.	Soybeans, quinoa, chia seeds, hemp seeds, edamame, buckwheat, amaranth, and spirulina.	Collagen powder or capsules, protein powders, essential amino acid blends like branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs), and individual amino acid supplements.

If you are a vegan or vegetarian, nutritionists recommend combining different plant-based proteins to obtain all essential amino acids. Good combinations include legumes and grains or nuts and seeds. Complementary plant-based proteins include these combinations:

• Rice and black beans
• Corn and lentils
• Pasta and peas
• Chickpea hummus and wheat pita bread
• Whole-wheat bread and peanut butter

However, it is not necessary to mix protein types for every meal if you manage to hit your protein goals by the end of the day. You can also include quinoa, tofu, tempeh, edamame, and soy milk, as these are complete proteins and contain all nine essential amino acids.

2. Non-Essential Amino Acids

Non-essential amino acids are those that our body produces on its own and that do not need to be obtained through diet. They are:

• Alanine
• Arginine
• Asparagine
• Aspartic acid
• Cysteine
• Glutamic acid
• Glutamine
• Glycine
• Proline
• Serine
• Tyrosine

These amino acids are also critical for vital bodily functions, including immune function, tissue repair, and collagen formation.

3. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

The body typically produces these amino acids, making them non-essential under healthy conditions. However, during illness and stress, the body does not produce sufficient amounts, which makes them “conditionally essential.” These include:

• Arginine
• Cysteine
• Glutamine
• Tyrosine
• Glycine
• Ornithine
• Proline
• Serine

During sickness or prolonged stress, the body relies on food and supplements to meet its increased need for these amino acids.

How Do Amino Acids Benefit the Skin?

Each amino acid performs a specific role in maintaining skin health and youthfulness. Together, they help enhance skin immunity and keep the skin hydrated, nourished, and resilient.

Hydration Boost

Amino acids strengthen the skin’s natural moisture barrier and boost hydration by working with aquaporins, the body’s water channels. They also help regulate the pH balance and water retention of the skin’s outermost layer, the stratum corneum.

Researchers have found that synthetic amino acids may hydrate the skin even more efficiently than the ones derived from food.

Wound Healing and Skin Repair

Amino acids repair damaged skin, stimulate collagen production, and support the immune response needed for healing. Supplements with the most potent wound-healing properties typically contain arginine, glutamine, and HMB (hydroxy methylbutyrate).

This study shows that arginine and glutamine supplements accelerate wound healing and promote tissue repair, contributing to overall skin health and preventing scarring or long-term damage. HMB reduces inflammation and stress-related damage.

Protection Against UV Damage

Aromatic amino acids like tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine absorb UV light and may prevent collagen breakdown. However, their UV-absorbing power is limited, and they do not neutralize damage by free radicals, which is why your skin requires additional protection.

Always apply a broad-spectrum, high-SPF sunscreen to minimize sun damage and photoaging.

Maintaining Skin Microbiome

Amino acids help maintain a healthy microbiome, preventing microbial imbalance that may lead to inflammatory conditions like psoriasis, rosacea, and eczema.

Researchers have found that various probiotic strains provide essential amino acids, vitamins, and antioxidants. You can apply topical probiotics to restore skin flora, strengthen the barrier, and fight off pathogens.

Antioxidant Protection

Amino acids do not typically function as antioxidants, but they boost the skin’s antioxidant defenses and help minimize oxidative stress.

Evidence suggests that methionine and cysteine contribute to the production of glutathione, a potent antioxidant that neutralizes free-radical damage and reduces wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and sagginess.

Strengthening the Skin’s Barrier

Amino acids preserve the skin’s structure and integrity, reduce the risk of infections, and minimize skin pollution, UV damage, and dehydration. These building blocks of proteins make up the barrier, helping the skin retain moisture, fend off harmful bacteria, and stay intact.

They also contribute to cellular repair, which is essential for rebuilding the barrier after damage, stress, or micro-injuries.

Anti-Aging Effects

Amino acids have powerful skin-firming properties and can stimulate collagen and elastin production, reducing the appearance of fine lines, creases, wrinkles, and age spots.

Rejuvenating skincare products often contain peptides (short chains of amino acids), which reduce signs of aging and improve skin texture and tone by stimulating collagen and elastin production.

What are the Best Amino Acids for the Skin?

While all amino acids contribute to skin health, the following stand out for their skin-enhancing qualities:

• Arginine – Repairs skin damage, promotes wound healing, and hydrates the skin.
• Histidine - Calms irritation, protects against environmental stress, and stimulates collagen synthesis.
• Methionine - Neutralizes free radicals, reduces inflammation, and improves skin tone and elasticity.
• Lysine - Boosts hydration, preserves the barrier, and maintains skin firmness.
• Proline – Strengthens the surface, promotes tissue repair, and stimulates collagen and elastin production.
• Leucine - Promotes cellular regeneration, minimizing fine lines, creases, and wrinkles.
• Glycine – Increases collagen production, accelerates healing, and maintains skin firmness.

The new Vibrant skincare line and supplements contain peptide-boosting formulas with potent amino acids designed for all skin types.

Our skin experts recommend the following products:

Vibrant C Serum – Bioavailable Vitamin C and Glutathione Serum

This serum pairs collagen-boosting amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, and glycine with potent antioxidants such as vitamin C, glutathione, ferulic acid, alpha lipoic acid, and NAC. Its microbiome-friendly formula helps neutralize free radicals, strengthen the barrier, and brighten and firm up the complexion.

Vibrant Collagen

Vibrant Collagen is a dietary supplement that supports the health of skin, hair, and nails. It contains a clinically tested blend of three patented collagen peptides that enhance skin elasticity, stimulate collagen turnover, and skin cell renewal.

Vibrant Boost

Vibrant Boost is a dietary supplement designed to promote healthy aging. Its unique formula combines taurine and glycine, two free-form amino acids that improve cellular, cardiovascular, and metabolic health. Glycine promotes glutathione’s effects and increases the antioxidant protection for healthy, resilient skin.

How to Use Amino Acids in Skin Care? 

Amino acid-based skincare products can improve skin quality when paired with a well-rounded, nutrient-rich diet. Here are simple guidelines for incorporating them into your skincare regimen.

What Type of Products Should I Use?

Choose leave-on products like creams, serums, and sunscreens to prolong their effects and enjoy longer-lasting benefits. If you opt for an amino acid-based serum, let it absorb well before applying other products to enhance its absorption.

Check the ingredient list for individual amino acids like arginine or lysine, as the product label does not typically contain terms like “amino acids” or “peptides.”

What is the Best Time to Apply Amino Acids?

Amino acids are gentle skincare ingredients and can safely be applied twice a day, both in the morning and evening. However, always perform a patch test before introducing a new product to reduce the risk of irritation caused by other active ingredients.

How Often Can I Apply Amino Acids?

You can apply them daily using multiple products, especially if your skin is dry or sensitive. Amino acids can be safely used alongside retinoids, vitamin C, and niacinamide, as there are no known contraindications among these ingredients.

When Can You See the Results of Using Amino Acids for Skin? 

You will notice that your skin is well-hydrated, smoother, and less sensitive after two to four weeks of regular use. You can expect a firmer texture and reduced fine lines after six to eight weeks of consistent use. The benefits of amino acids become more noticeable after several months of daily use, and results may vary depending on factors like skin condition, diet, age, and overall skincare routine.

Can You Combine Amino Acids for Skin with Other Ingredients? 

The following ingredients can help unlock the full skin-enhancing potential of amino acids:

• Ceramides – Preserve the skin barrier, prevent water loss, protect against UV damage, and rejuvenate the skin.
• Hyaluronic acid (HA) – This naturally occurring humectant deeply hydrates and regenerates the skin, providing powerful anti-aging and wound-healing benefits.
• Fatty acids – Omega-3, omega-6, omega-7, and omega-9 fats alleviate inflammation, strengthen the lipid barrier, and reduce dryness, resulting in a smoother complexion.
• Antioxidants – Vitamins C, A, E, and D, beta-carotene, niacinamide (B3), glutathione, resveratrol, and zinc boost antioxidant protection, prevent cellular damage, and minimize premature aging.
• Copper peptides (GHK-Cu) – These short chains of amino acids with copper ions stimulate collagen production, promote wound healing, improve skin tone, and reduce hyperpigmentation and acne scars.

Should Anyone Avoid Amino Acids for the Skin? 

Topical amino acids are generally safe for all skin types and are usually well-tolerated, even by sensitive skin. However, if you are prone to flare-ups, have open wounds, or known allergies, it is best to consult a dermatologist before introducing new ingredients into your skincare routine.

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider about the safety and suitability of amino acid-based supplements.

Conclusion

Amino acids are versatile skincare ingredients that support skin health in multiple ways, including hydration, repair, and barrier strength. To enhance the effectiveness of peptide-based topical treatments, pair them with a well-balanced diet and consider adding collagen-rich supplements for even greater skin-rejuvenating benefits.

Contact our skin experts for more information about microbiome-friendly ingredients.

Gluten-free skin care has gained traction among consumers seeking gentler, more mindful beauty routines, especially those with celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, or allergy concerns. Many skincare brands are eliminating gluten-derived ingredients from their products to support skin health and reduce potential irritation.

This article explains how gluten is used in skin care, how to identify it in cosmetic products, and how to use it safely (or avoid it).

What Is Gluten?

Gluten is a type of protein present in some grains, such as wheat, barley, and rye. It is a common allergen, affecting people with celiac disease and gluten intolerance. In some people, the immune system reacts to gluten in the digestive tract by causing gastrointestinal and psychological problems, including bloating, gas, brain fog, and anxiety.

Some celiac patients also have skin allergies when consuming gluten. The condition is called dermatitis herpetiformis, and it manifests as itchy skin, rashes, and blisters.

How Is Gluten Used in Cosmetics?

Gluten can be found in many cosmetic products, including facial creams, cleansers, sunscreens, lip balms, lotions, shampoos, etc. It is not used as an isolated ingredient but as part of ingredients derived from gluten-containing grains. Companies use grain derivatives for their emollient properties, which help soften and smooth the skin and hair. They serve as binding agents to increase the consistency and stability of the product.

How to Identify Gluten in Cosmetics?

Gluten in skin care is derived from wheat, barley, rye, or some other grains that may be cross-contaminated with gluten (e.g., oats) during processing. Users can identify gluten in cosmetic products by reading the ingredients list on the product label. Ingredients that may indicate the presence of gluten contain the following words:

• Wheat
• Triticum vulgare
• Barley
• Malt
• Hordeum vulgare
• Rye
• Secale cereale
• Oat
• Avena sativa

Some of the most common gluten-containing ingredients include hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP), wheat germ oil, barley extract, Avena sativa extract, etc.

Benefits of Gluten in Cosmetics 

Gluten on its own doesn’t provide any benefits to the skin.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein, wheat germ oil, and other grains containing gluten can enhance the skin’s appearance thanks to ingredients like vitamin E, amino acids, linoleic acid, etc. The benefits of using these ingredients include:

• Deep hydration
• Softer and smoother complexion
• Decreased irritation and redness
• Increased firmness
• Improved skin elasticity
• Decreased appearance of fine lines and wrinkles

Risks and Side Effects of Gluten in Cosmetics  

As a common allergen, gluten in cosmetics may cause adverse effects in people with gluten sensitivities. The symptoms are unlikely to occur solely from topical application because gluten molecules are too large to pass the skin’s surface and enter the digestive system.

However, it is possible to ingest some of the product inadvertently, especially when using lip balm or not washing hands after product application. Also, skin inflammation and lesions can increase skin permeability, increasing the risk of product penetration into the bloodstream.

Gluten-containing skin care may cause the following side effects in people sensitive to gluten:

• Skin irritation
• Itchy bumps
• Rashes
• Hives
• Burning blisters

How to Safely Use Cosmetic Products with Gluten

Products containing gluten typically contain concentrations that are too low to make a significant impact, even when ingested or absorbed through the skin.

Safe gluten concentrations for ingestion are lower than 20 parts per million (ppm). Users can either ask for information about gluten concentrations from the skincare company or patch-test the product before use to ensure safe application.

However, the safest way to avoid potential risks is to choose gluten-free skin care.

Vibrant has a new skincare line featuring products without gluten and other skin irritants (parabens, silicone, phthalates, etc.) The products are formulated with microbiome-friendly and neurocosmetic ingredients, which strengthen the skin’s innate ability to heal and regenerate.

Conclusion

Gluten has been a staple in conventional cosmetic products, but it provides minimal skin benefits. This is why many skincare companies are abandoning the use of gluten due to users’ concerns about a heightened risk of skin irritation. Skin experts recommend gluten-free products with soothing, nourishing ingredients to support a healthy and glowing complexion.

Around a thousand species of bacteria and other microorganisms inhabit human skin, forming the skin microbiome. Microbiome skin care prioritizes maintaining a balanced skin ecosystem by supporting beneficial bacteria and strengthening the skin barrier.

This article explains how microbiome skin care works and gives practical ways to maximize its skin-enhancing potential.

What Is Microbiome in Skin Care?

The skin microbiome, or skin flora, consists of trillions of microorganisms - including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and yeast - which form a protective barrier against pathogens, infections, and environmental pollutants. These microbes also interact with the immune system, helping to maintain a healthy and intact skin barrier.

Microbiome-balancing skincare products strengthen the skin’s natural defenses and support a thriving skin ecosystem. They may include beneficial bacteria or nourishing ingredients that help maintain microbial balance and enhance the skin’s resilience.

How Does Microbiome Skin Care Work?

Microbiome skincare contains prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics that foster a balanced microbial environment, bolster the skin’s natural defenses, and enhance the barrier.

It improves skin quality in the following ways:

• Regulates microbial balance – Creates an optimal environment for beneficial bacteria while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.
• Maintains a healthy skin ecosystem - Maintains a healthy balance of good and bad bacteria to preserve a rich and diverse skin flora.
• Preserves the skin barrier – Strengthens the protective barrier to fend off pathogenic threats and prevent environmental damage.
• Enhances skin resilience – Boosts the skin’s natural defense system and makes it more resilient against internal and external stressors.
• Boosts hydration – Helps the skin retain moisture, prevent water loss, and maintain optimal pH levels, softening its texture and making the skin glow.
• Promotes skin repair – Accelerates wound healing by stimulating cellular regeneration.
• Reduces inflammation – Prevents flare-ups, redness, and inflammatory conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis.
• Protects against infections – Enhances the skin’s innate immune system to help protect against harmful, disease-spreading microbes.
• Minimizes UV damage –  Helps the skin recover from UV-induced stress, minimizing photoaging.
• Reduces premature aging – Slows the aging process by neutralizing free radical damage and collagen breakdown.

What Are the Benefits of Microbiome Skincare?

Microbiome-balancing skincare is the first line of defense against pollution, premature aging, and inflammation. It strengthens resilience and enhances protection against environmental aggressors by supporting the skin’s natural immune system.

These are the key benefits of microbiome-friendly skincare.

Maintains the Barrier Function

Microbiome-supporting skincare strengthens the natural lipid barrier that helps seal in moisture, retain nutrients, and protect against irritants, pollutants, allergens, and UV damage.

A compromised skin barrier can lead to skin inflammation, excessive dryness, increased sun sensitivity, and overall discomfort. The primary goal of microbiome-friendly topical products is to keep the skin barrier strong and intact.

Regulates the Skin’s Microbiome

Topical treatments that focus on preserving skin microbiota promote the growth of beneficial bacteria while suppressing harmful ones. Their goal is to maintain a balanced environment where good bacteria can thrive.

An unbalanced microbiome compromises the skin barrier, leading to flare-ups and long-term skin conditions that may require medication.

Reduces the Risk of Infections

Skin flora contains microorganisms with antibiotic properties that help shield against germs and infections. Skin microbes also alert the immune system to potentially pathogenic bacteria or viruses, preventing their proliferation.

Reduces Redness and Inflammation

Microbiome skincare can mitigate skin inflammation, prevent breakouts, and accelerate healing. Its soothing, anti-inflammatory ingredients are ideal for sensitive or reactive skin types. Each product is uniquely formulated to calm symptoms like redness, itchiness, swelling, and dryness.

Maintains Optimal Hydration

Microbiome-supporting products help the skin retain moisture and natural elasticity, resulting in a natural, dewy complexion. A well-balanced microbiome minimizes transepidermal water loss by reinforcing the protective layer, strengthening the immune response, and stimulating the production of ceramides, fatty acids, and other moisturizing factors.

Rejuvenates the Skin

Microbiome skincare offers powerful anti-aging benefits by preserving elasticity, reducing signs of aging, and minimizing wrinkle formation. Its rejuvenating ingredients support skin cell renewal and combat oxidative stress, resulting in a smoother, firmer complexion. 

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Note: Learn what causes loss of elasticity and how to prevent it.

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Promotes Skin Repair

Studies suggest beneficial bacteria support skin repair and accelerate wound healing by activating immune cells to fight harmful microbes and prevent infections. They also aid in shedding dead skin cells by releasing enzymes that break down proteins, promoting faster recovery from irritation, minor wounds, and acne scars. Microbiome-friendly skincare may also support UV-induced DNA repair and reduce long-term harm by influencing how cells react to ultraviolet radiation.

Free from Toxic Preservatives

Some preservatives extend shelf life of skincare products but may compromise skin health and cause long-term damage. Microbiome-friendly preservatives offer self-preserving alternatives to skin-damaging ingredients like parabens, phthalates, silicones, and SLS. Some chemicals may disrupt the barrier and expose the skin to harmful bacteria, triggering redness, inflammation, and breakouts.

What Are the Key Ingredients in Microbiome Skin Care?

Vibrant skincare line is enriched with microbiome-supporting ingredients that nurture a balanced skin microbiome and enhance resilience.

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics

Biome-supporting skin care contains probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic ingredients to restore healthy microflora, balance skin bacteria, and promote overall skin health. Formulations may include one, two, or all three of these components.

• Probiotic skin care – Topical and oral probiotics are living beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy microbial balance by supporting good bacteria and inhibiting the overgrowth of potentially harmful ones.
• Prebiotic skin care – Prebiotic ingredients like inulin, rhamnose, beta-glucan, oligosaccharides, and glucomannan nourish good bacteria to support a healthy, thriving ecosystem.
• Postbiotic skin care – Postbiotics, derived from probiotic fermentation, strengthen the barrier, reduce inflammation, and rejuvenate the skin. They offer enhanced bioavailability and effectiveness without the addition of prebiotics.

Vibrant Cleanse contains prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, which minimize inflammation, stimulate antimicrobial resistance, restore skin immunity, and gently remove dead skin.

Anti-Inflammatory Ingredients

Microbiome skin care has the following ingredients that have proven anti-inflammatory properties:

• Centella asiatica – A soothing, antioxidant humectant that reduces inflammatory acne eczema, psoriasis, and stretch marks.
• Green tea extract – Calms inflammation, soothes irritation, and eliminates acne-causing microorganisms.
• Niacinamide (vitamin B3) – Regulates sebum production, brightens the complexion, and calms redness and blemishes.
• Zinc PCA – Its potent antibacterial properties promote skin healing, fight acne, and reduce redness and swelling.

BioFense INCI: Lactobacillus Ferment

BioFense is a fermented Lactobacillus-based skincare ingredient that supports skin flora by stimulating the skin’s natural defense system and the production of antimicrobial peptides that target and eliminate harmful bacteria. It was clinically tested on acne-prone skin and has outperformed salicylic acid in reducing redness and lesion size.

Black BeeOme™

Black BeeOme is a honey-based ingredient fermented with Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. Clinical studies show that it accelerates skin flora regeneration, restores the skin barrier, reduces sebum production, and evens out the complexion. It supports microbiome recovery, particularly when disrupted by environmental stressors like pollution.

Nectaria Lithops™

Nectaria lithops is a natural active ingredient that stimulates vitamin D production, creating an optimal skin microenvironment for deep hydration. It improves skin tone, texture, and microcirculation, helping to revitalize the skin and brighten the complexion. Vitamin D offers many benefits, including stronger barrier, moisture loss prevention, lower inflammation, and improved cell turnover.

Vibrant Elevate toner has a unique blend of natural ingredients like cucumber, matcha green tea, Tonka bean prebiotic, and Nectaria lithops™ that support the skin’s natural microbiome.

Wild Indigo Extract

Wild indigo, or neurophroline, is a potent anti-inflammatory antioxidant agent that prevents premature aging and brightens the complexion. It reduces cortisol production by 70% and counteracts visible signs of stress on the skin by triggering the release of a calming, pain-relief neuropeptide (beta-endorphin) by 163%. It can improve under-eye complexion and even skin tone, restoring its natural luminosity.

Desert Vibe is a moisture-boosting serum packed with barrier-supporting ingredients like beta-glucan, centella, neurophroline, and prickly pear. This powerful healing formula regenerates collagen, boosts skin immunity and binds more moisture than hyaluronic acid.

The Best Microbiome Skin Care Treatments for Different Skin Types

When selecting a microbiome-friendly skincare product, consider your skin type and specific concerns, such as acne, dryness, or eczema. Each formula is designed to address your needs while preserving the skin’s delicate microbiome balance.

Microbiome Skin Care for Dry Skin

Dry skin can benefit from barrier-repairing creams that seal in moisture and prevent water loss. Choose lightweight, microbiome-repairing serums, masks, and hydrating mists with probiotics and prebiotics. Avoid alcohol-based products to prevent dehydration.

Microbiome Skin Care for Oily, Acne-Prone Skin

Choose gentle, pH-balanced formulations that target acne and help reduce oiliness and sebum production. Use cleansers and moisturizers for oily skin with fermented skincare ingredients that can prevent breakouts and calm the skin.

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Note: Read about the best skincare products for oily, acne-prone skin.

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Microbiome Skin Care for Sensitive Skin

If you have sensitive skin or conditions like rosacea, eczema, or psoriasis, choose microbiome-friendly treatments that restore microflora, strengthen the barrier, and minimize the stress on the skin. Choose probiotic-infused serums and creams with anti-inflammatory properties and reparative, barrier-strengthening ingredients like ceramides. Stick to soothing, fragrance-free formulations to help reduce flare-ups and calm irritation.

Microbiome Skin Care for Mature Skin

Microbiome skincare offers powerful anti-aging benefits by slowing collagen and elastin breakdown, stimulating skin renewal, and reducing wrinkles and sagging. Look for barrier-reinforcing creams and postbiotic-rich serums that boost hydration, support collagen production, and enhance elasticity and firmness.

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Note: Learn what is the best time to start using anti-aging skincare.

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Microbiome Skin Care for Normal and Combination Skin

Normal and combination skin do not require targeted treatments for specific concerns but can benefit from microbiome-supporting skin care to maintain microbial diversity and overall skin health. Use lightweight, non-comedogenic products for combination skin and barrier-strengthening, hydrating ingredients for normal skin.

What Is the Best Microbiome Skin Care Routine?

Tailor your skincare routine to your skin’s needs while keeping it simple to protect the microbiome from heavy, stripping ingredients.

The ultimate skincare guide can help you master the basics and learn about each step.

Morning Routine

Follow these biome-supporting skincare steps for your morning routine:

1. Cleanser – Choose a mild product to thoroughly cleanse the skin without over-drying it.
2. Toner – Use a toner with prebiotics or probiotics to balance the skin and remove excess dirt.
3. Serum or oil – Apply a lightweight, pH-balanced serum or superfood oil to nourish the skin and reduce senescent (zombie) cells. Choose only serums and oils formulated to reduce zombie cells.
4. Moisturizer – Seal in moisture with a hydrating, microbiome-balancing moisturizer.
5. Sunscreen – Apply a broad-spectrum, high-SPF, mineral-based sunscreen and avoid chemical formulas that can disturb the microbiome and cause irritation.

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Note: Vibrant Neuro Vibe is a superfood oil that you can apply to all skin types twice a day after toner. The formula contains twenty-one nutrient-dense oils and a prebiotic plant called Kannabia Sense™ that restores vitality, stimulates oxytocin, and minimizes zombie cells.

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Evening Routine

Finish your day with the following microbiome-friendly routine:

1. Makeup remover – Remove makeup and sunscreen with gentle, plant-based ingredients that will not strip natural oils and disrupt the microbiome.
2. Cleanser – Use an oil-based, low-foam cleanser to gently remove all impurities, dirt, and oil accumulated throughout the day.
3. Toner – Choose a mild, minimally formulated toner with natural, soothing extracts.
4. Serum – Apply a hydrating, probiotic-infused serum to lock in extra moisture.
5. Moisturizer – Use a nourishing, barrier-repairing overnight cream with ceramides or postbiotics to fortify the barrier overnight.
6. Face mask – Apply a microbiome-boosting mask once or twice a week to nourish, soothe, and fortify the protective barrier.

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Note:  Vibrant Mud is a probiotic-enriched mask with bentonite clay, kaolin clay, and activated charcoal. It deeply cleanses the skin, unclogs the pores, and brightens the complexion while restoring its natural microbiome.

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How Long Does It Take to See the Results of Microbiome Skin Care?

Since everyone’s skin responds differently, results will differ for each person. However, you may see improvements within days to weeks after starting a postbiotic skincare routine and incorporating probiotic-rich, whole foods into your diet.

• You may notice improved hydration, calmer skin, and reduced redness in the first two weeks.
• Achieving noticeable results may take several months for chronic skin concerns like rosacea, eczema, and acne.

Consistent use of microbiome-friendly skin care is key to maintaining results and achieving long-term skin health.

Can Microbiome Skin Care Be Combined with Other Ingredients?

You can complement your skincare regimen with barrier-strengthening ingredients that promote collagen production and deeply hydrate all skin layers.

These ingredients can enrich your biome-supporting routine:

• Ceramides – Preserve the skin barrier, prevent water loss, and protect against UV damage.
• Niacinamide – Regulates sebum production, reduces acne, and fortifies the barrier.
• Hyaluronic acid – Moisturizes the skin, enhances elasticity, and minimizes wrinkles.
• Aloe vera– Calms sensitive skin, reduces breakouts and deeply hydrates the skin.
• Vitamin A– Improves skin elasticity, minimizes UV damage, and reduces acne.
• Vitamin C – Brightens skin tone and provides antioxidant protection.
• Vitamin D – Aids in repairing damaged skin and supports the barrier function.
• Peptides – Promote skin repair and collagen production.
• Zinc – Reduces inflammation, redness, and irritation.

What to Avoid in Microbiome Skin Care?

The following precautionary measures can help you maintain a healthy microbial balance:

• Avoid excessive washing as it can strip away beneficial bacteria from the surface.
• Do not layer too many products to prevent overwhelming and irritating your skin.
• Avoid harsh exfoliators and use only gentle alternatives like beta-glucan, lactic acid, or natural enzymes like pineapple or papaya.
• Do not overuse products with potent active ingredients to avoid increased sensitivity, breakouts, or irritation.
• Stop using a product if you notice discomfort like itching, burning sensations, or redness.

Conclusion

A balanced skin microbiome is the cornerstone of healthy, radiant skin. Microbiome-friendly skincare not only defends against harmful substances but also revitalizes and enhances your skin’s natural glow. By promoting microbial diversity and reinforcing the skin’s protective barrier, these products help prevent damage from environmental pollutants, stress, and daily skincare routines - keeping your complexion strong, resilient, and vibrant.

Learn more about skin flora and microbiome skincare from our Vibrant experts.

Aging occurs on a cellular level, and scientists have discovered the mechanism by which dysfunctional cells linger in the body, causing damage. These cells are called senescent or zombie cells.

This article explains how cell senescence and aging are related and recommends ways to slow down the process.

What Is Cell Senescence?

Cell senescence is cellular aging characterized by the cells’ inability to continue dividing. Cell division is crucial for our bodies’ growth, development, and repair. Senescent cells stop multiplying, but they evade a natural step of the process – apoptosis. Apoptosis is the removal of dead and damaged cells by the immune system. With age, this immune function fails. Zombie cells accumulate and release pro-inflammatory chemicals (senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP), leading to more damage to surrounding cells and disrupting tissue repair and regeneration.

The Role of Cell Senescence in Aging

Cell senescence is the fundamental mechanism of aging. Senescent cells weaken the immune system and spread inflammation to normal cells and tissues, causing a general degradation, which manifests as age-related symptoms and conditions, including:

• Weaker immunity
• Decreased mobility
• Difficulty recovering from illness and physical injury
• Cognitive decline and dementia
• Cardiovascular problems
• Osteoporosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Incontinence
• Impaired vision
• Diabetes
• Cancer

Learning how to manage and clear zombie cells may be a key to revitalizing damaged tissue and increasing longevity.

What Triggers Cell Senescence?

Cell senescence is caused by multiple factors, including:

• Aging
• Genetic mutations
• Telomere attrition (chromosome ends shorten and cells can’t divide)
• Oxidative stress
• Chronic inflammation
• Environmental toxins
• UV radiation
• Nutrient deprivation
• Mechanical injury
• Chronic wounds
• Emotional stress
• Autoimmune diseases
• Radiation and chemotherapy

How to Reduce Cell Senescence and Slow Down Aging

Cell senescence is in the early stages of research and medications are not yet available to the general population. Drugs under development include:

• Senolytics – Medications that remove senescent cells.
• Senostatics – Medications that block the senescent cells’ harmful secretions (SASP), but don’t remove the cells.

Potentially effective ways to reverse senescence and slow down aging may be the standard lifestyle modifications that health experts recommend for reducing inflammation, improving immunity, and boosting overall health.

Healthy Nutrition

A balanced, nutritionally dense diet is vital for health because cells need nutrients to perform their functions. Healthy meals are rich in lean protein, healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Some foods contain compounds that may have senotherapeutic properties (quercetin, fisetin, and curcumin) or SASP-suppressing effects (resveratrol, apigenin, and kaempferol). They can be found in many fruits and vegetables. Plants are also rich in antioxidants, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, the common triggers of cell senescence. The Mediterranean diet is one of the most beneficial anti-inflammatory eating plans for our health and may stave off aging.

Caloric Restriction

Medical professionals suspect caloric restriction and intermittent fasting help clear senescent cells. Reduced energy intake from food activates autophagy, which removes damaged and redundant cellular components and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fasting and reducing calories may also improve immune function, helping the immune system remove zombie cells more efficiently.

Exercise

Extensive research proves regular physical exercise has a broad range of positive effects on our health. It can modulate essential aging factors, such as macromolecular damage, dysregulated stress response, metabolic regulation, and inflammation. Some studies have shown that regular exercise helps reduce senescent cells in specific organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys.

Even five minutes of vigorous physical activity daily helps maintain functional capacity and delay age-related symptoms. Health experts recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly to maximize the health benefits.

Supplements

Gut health is a crucial component in health and longevity. A healthy microbiome can prevent various diseases, while gut dysbiosis contributes to chronic illness. A balanced diet is essential in maintaining microbial homeostasis, but dietary supplements can also help, especially in cases of nutrient malabsorption.

Some of the most effective “longevity” supplements include:

• Antioxidants – Molecules that help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Examples include vitamins A, C, E, and D, glutathione, carotenoids, resveratrol, CoQ10, etc.
• Probiotics - Live microorganisms that enhance beneficial bacteria in our digestive tract. They prevent the formation of zombie cells by improving natural killer cell activity, reducing pro-inflammatory markers, and helping improve immune function.
• Prebiotics – Compounds that probiotics feed on, such as inulin and beta-glucan.
• Omega-3 fatty acids – Healthy fats (in fatty fish, seafood, flaxseeds, etc.) that reduce inflammation and promote cellular longevity.
• Adaptogens – Soothing herbs like ashwagandha and ginseng that reduce stress and support immune function.

Quality Sleep

Sleep deprivation, disturbance, or fragmentation can cause inflammation and cellular aging, potentially leading to age-related diseases. Doctors emphasize the importance of seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep for adults and, preferably, going to bed before midnight. A healthy sleep pattern helps regulate hormonal imbalance, reduce cellular stress, and repair DNA damage.

Reduced Stress

Chronic stress exacerbates inflammation and hormonal imbalances, causing DNA damage and possibly inhibiting cell division. It is one of the main contributing factors to the leading causes of death, including heart disease and respiratory disorders. Stress management is essential for improving the quality of life and possibly increasing longevity. Health professionals recommend meditation, yoga, massage, spending time in nature, and other relaxing activities to downregulate stress.

Skin Care

Zombie cells accumulate in the skin. Innovative skincare products contain antioxidants, polyphenols, prebiotics, probiotics, and other nourishing and anti-inflammatory agents with potential senolytic effects. They aim to counteract the influence of senescent cells, protect normal cells from their harmful secretions, and prevent premature aging signs.

Conclusion

Cell senescence is the focus of exciting new research on aging mechanisms. Senescent cells degrade surrounding tissue and cause various age-related conditions. Scientists are exploring potential treatments to eliminate these cells, but a “cure” for senescence remains elusive. The best way to support healthy aging is to maintain the pillars of health: a balanced diet, regular exercise, quality sleep, and a relaxed mind.

Clay masks and cleansers are popular skincare products for people with oily, acne-prone skin. They remove excess oil and balance the skin tone thanks to the impressive oil-absorbing properties of ingredients such as kaolin clay.

This article lays out ten kaolin clay benefits for the skin and explains how to use kaolin in skin care.

What Does Kaolin Clay Do for the Skin?

Comprehensive research about the benefits of kaolin clay for the skin is still lacking. However,  existing studies and user experience suggest its cleansing, impurity-extracting abilities can improve skin health in many ways.

1. Absorbs Excess Oil

Like activated charcoal, kaolin is a porous substance with a large surface area. The numerous micropores absorb excess oil, sweat, and impurities from deep skin layers. Kaolin is often added to products to control oiliness.

2. Removes Toxins

Environmental toxins disrupt the natural skin barrier and cause inflammation, damaging the skin. Kaolin is known as an effective detoxifying agent. Its porous structure enables it to attract environmental toxins from the skin’s surface, which are naturally flushed from the body.

3. Gently Cleanses the Skin

Kaolin clay is a mild ingredient that doesn’t dehydrate the skin or strip it of essential oils, like many other cleansing agents. It gently removes impurities and toxins, acting soothingly on all skin types, including sensitive skin.

4. Shrinks the Pores

Dirt, impurities, toxins, and other harmful substances clog and enlarge the pores. By detoxifying the skin, kaolin clay helps remove the accumulated impurities in the pores, making them appear smaller.

5. Helps Hydrate the Skin

The microspheres on kaolin clay’s surface have a high capacity for water absorption. This prevents transepidermal water loss and increases moisture levels in the stratum corneum (outermost skin layer). Balanced water content also strengthens the skin barrier, further enhancing skin hydration.

6. Soothes Inflamed, Irritated Skin

Kaolin clay has a pH typically ranging from 4.5 to 5.5, which is close to the skin’s natural pH level. This means that most skin types tolerate it well. The ingredient’s cleansing and moisture-balancing properties also help decrease redness and irritation.  

7. Brightens the Skin

Skin experts appreciate kaolin for its gentle exfoliating properties. It helps refresh a dull complexion by removing dead skin cells, excess oil, and dirt from the epidermis. With regular use, it can contribute to a brighter, more radiant appearance.

8. May Help Reduce Acne

People with oily skin are more prone to breakouts because excess sebum can clog pores, creating the conditions for acne formation. Kaolin clay’s oil-absorbing properties help remove excess sebum and impurities from the skin, which may contribute to fewer breakouts.

9. May Help Decrease Aging Signs

Kaolin clay is the most effective as a cleansing ingredient. By clearing dead skin cells and excess oil, it helps promote smoother complexion, smaller pores, and a more balanced skin tone. Though it doesn’t provide direct anti-aging effects, it helps to revitalize tired skin and decrease the appearance of aging signs.

10. Deeply Nourishes the Skin

Kaolin is rich in the mineral kaolinite, which provides gentle exfoliation. It also contains trace minerals like magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, and potassium, which help support skin health by promoting hydration, barrier function, and a more balanced skin tone. The exact mineral composition varies depending on the type of kaolin clay.

How to Use Kaolin Clay for the Skin?

Kaolin clay for the skin is typically found in cleansers and face masks. You can buy products with this ingredient or make them at home. Store-bought products should be used according to the instructions on the product label.

To make a DIY face mask with kaolin clay, follow these steps:

1. Buy kaolin clay powder.
2. Mix it with a small amount of water to create a smooth paste.
3. Apply the paste on clean, damp skin and rub gently.
4. Leave it on for 10-15 minutes.
5. Rinse with warm water.

Skin professionals recommend using clay masks no more than three times a week to avoid over-exfoliating the skin.

Add other ingredients to increase the face mask’s nurturing and hydrating effects. Suggestions include essential oils (e.g., chamomile essential oil), protective antioxidants like willow herb, and soothing botanicals like calendula.

The Vibrant Skin team recommends Vibrant Mud, a clarifying clay mask with kaolin clay, bentonite clay, activated charcoal, calendula, passionflower, and other powerful cleansing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ingredients. It also contains prebiotics and probiotics, providing microbiome-friendly nourishment for overall skin health.

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Note: Learn more about prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics and why they are trending ingredients in skin care.

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Conclusion

Kaolin clay is a gentle, oil-absorbing ingredient that helps revitalize dull skin and improve skin tone. It is best used in face masks and cleansers to detoxify the skin and leave it fresh and radiant.

Look for more products in Vibrant Skin’s innovative skincare line featuring microbiome-friendly neuro-cosmetics. They will help improve your skin’s innate ability to protect itself from environmental aggressors and other skin aging factors.